BIOFILM PRODUCTION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF UROPATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL IN NIGERIA
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- NGN 5000
ABSTRACT
Biofilm Production on surfaces (animate and inanimate object) by microorganisms has become a major concern now in medical settings since it poses threat of induction and spread of resistance among pathogens. Uropathogens as associated with catheterization, ureter and bladder surfaces is of a major interest as far as biofilm production is concerned. This study determined the biofilm production and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of uropathogens isolated from Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria. Isolates from urine samples submitted to the Medical Microbiology Laboratory of the hospital were collected over a period of five months and identified using standard microbiological techniques. Alongside, a three months retrospective study within the period of the sample collections was carried out to give a prevalent rate of the occurrence of urinary tract infections in the study area. Further more, the isolates were evaluated for their biofilm production potentials and their susceptibility to antibiotics were determined. The Cefoxitin Disc Test for MRSA and the D-test for erythromycin resistant S. aureus were also carried out. From the retrospective study, Klebsiella spp were the most common bacteria isolated (36.40%), followed by E. coli (34.98%), S. aureus (7.77%), Proteus spp (2.47%), Pseudomonas spp (1.77%) and others including: Enterococcus spp, Citrobacter spp, Entrobacter spp, Alkaligines spp, Providencia spp, Streptococcus spp, Acenobacter spp and Candida spp. An overall prevalence of 19.71% of the uropathogens was obtained from the retrospective study. Klebsiella spp: 55 (37.93%), E.coli: 35 (24.14%), Proteus spp: 12 (8.28%), P. earuginosa: 20 (13.79%) and S. aureus: 23 (15.86%), were identified as uropathogens from the urine isolates. The result showed high percentage of biofilm production by all the five species of the uropathogens with xx Proteus spp (100%) being the highest, followed by P. aeruginosa (90%), S. aureus (82.61%), E. coli (71.43%) and Klesiella spp (63.64%). Antibiotic susceptibility testing recorded that, amikacin (87.97%), meropenem (84.04%), p-tazobactam (83.11%) and tigecycline (81.75%) were the most effective against the uropathogens whereas, amoxicillin (26.79%), cotrimoxazole (36.75%), tetracycline (38.12%), ceftazidime (38.97%), ceftriaxone (52.615%), clindamycin (21.74%), and cefoxitin (47.83%) were generally less effective. There was no significant difference between the percentage of the multidrug resistant isolates of the biofilm producers and the non biofilm producers using chi square at < 0.05 significance level. Ciprofloxacin was less effective against P. aeruginosa (75.00% were resistant) compared to other uropathogens. Among the S. aureus isolates, 56.52% were MRSA, 21.74% were erythromycin resistant and these were constitutive not inducible clindamycin resistance. The molecular work identified one of the Klesiella spp (K10) to harbor qnrS gene, indicating the presence of this mobile genetic element in the study area.
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